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Objective:To explore the incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in the cancer registration areas of Heilongjiang province from 2013 to 2017 and their trends of change over time.Methods:The esophageal cancer incidence, mortality and population data reported by 12 cancer registration areas of Heilongjiang province were collected. Among them, the data of 11 areas met the check standards, including 7 cities above the prefecture level (abbreviated as urban area), 4 counties and county-level cities (abbreviated as rural area). The crude incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in 11 cancer registration areas of Heilongjiang province from 2013 to 2017, and their standardized rates by Chinese population (adjusted according to the standard population composition of the 2000 census of China) and world population (adjusted using Segi world standard population composition), and the cumulative incidence or mortality rate from 0 to 74 years old (abbreviated as cumulative incidence or mortality rate) were calculated. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) of the incidence and mortality rates, and the trend analysis was performed.Results:From 2013 to 2017, the crude incidence rate of esophageal cancer in the cancer registration areas of Heilongjiang province was 6.40/100 000, the standardized incidence rate by Chinese population was 3.63/100 000, and the cumulative incidence rate was 0.44%. The crude incidence rate of esophageal cancer in males (11.61/100 000) was higher than that in females (1.27/100 000). The crude incidence rate of esophageal cancer in rural area (6.27/100 000) was lower than that in urban area (6.71/100 000). From 2013 to 2017, the crude mortality rate of esophageal cancer in the cancer registration areas of Heilongjiang province was 5.32/100 000, the standardized mortality rate by Chinese population was 3.01/100 000, and the cumulative mortality rate was 0.35%. The crude mortality rate of esophageal cancer in males (9.56/100 000) was higher than that in females (1.15/100 000). The crude mortality rate of esophageal cancer in rural area (5.13/100 000) was lower than that in urban area (5.39/100 000). Joinpoint regression analysis showed that from 2013 to 2017, the incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in the entire population and males had an increasing trend, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05), and the standardized incidence rate by Chinese population in females had a downward trend, and the difference was statistically significant (APC = -7.92, 95% CI -11.52- -4.21, P < 0.01). Conclusions:The incidence and mortality rates of esophageal cancer in Heilongjiang province have been increasing in recent years, and the burden of disease is still heavy. In the male population, the primary prevention, early detection and early treatment of esophageal cancer should be paid more attention.
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Objective To analyze the incidence, mortality and time trend of lung cancer in Heilongjiang Cancer Registries from 2013 to 2017. Methods We calculated the incidence (mortality) rate and age-standardized incidence (mortality) rate of lung cancer in Heilongjiang Cancer Registries from 2013 to 2017. Chinese population census in 2000 and World Segi's standard population were used for age-standardization. Annual percentage change (APC) was calculated using Joinpoint software. Results The incidence of lung cancer in Heilongjiang Cancer Registries from 2013 to 2017 was 63.44/105 and ASR China was 36.14/105. The incidence of lung cancer in males (78.08/105) was higher than that in females (49.04/105). The incidence of lung cancer in rural areas (65.54/105) was higher than that in urban areas (58.20/105). From 2013 to 2017, the mortality rate of lung cancer in Heilongjiang Cancer Registries was 57.02/105, and ASR China was 32.53/105. The mortality rate of lung cancer in males (69.92/105) was higher than that in females (44.40/105). The mortality rate of lung cancer in rural areas (60.68/105) was higher than that in urban areas (48.02/105). The incidence of lung cancer in the 55-year-old age group showed a downward trend (APC=-5.0%, t=-5.1, P < 0.05), and the mortality rate of lung cancer in the 70-year-old group showed a downward trend (APC=-4.9%, t=-5.0). Conclusion Heilongjiang Province is a high incidence area of lung cancer. The prevention and control of lung cancer should be further strengthened according to the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer in this province.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of thyroxine (T 4) and propylthiouracil (PTU) on nitric oxide synthase expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC cells). Methods:HUVEC cells were cultured in vitro, the experiment was divided into 6 groups: control (without T 4 and PTU), 10 -9, 10 -7, 10 -4 mol/L T 4, PTU (5 μg/ml PTU), and 10 -4 mol/L T 4 + PTU, the action time was 24 h. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell activity; nitrate reductase method was used to detect nitric oxide (NO), total nitric oxide synthase (TNOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contents; Western blotting was used to detect eNOS protein expression level. Results:The differences of cell survival rates [(100.00 ± 0.00)%, (96.73 ± 1.17)%, (86.20 ± 7.54)%, (47.37 ± 9.10)%, (53.37 ± 5.47)%, (53.40 ± 8.84)%] among the 6 groups were statistically significant ( F = 29.42, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the cell survival rates of 10 -7, 10 -4 mol/L T 4, PTU, and 10 -4 mol/L T 4 + PTU groups were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the contents of NO and TNOS among the 6 groups ( F = 3.93, 3.46, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the TNOS content in PTU group was significantly reduced ( P < 0.05); compared with the 10 -4 mol/L T 4 group, the NO contents in PTU and 10 -4 mol/L T 4 + PTU groups were significantly reduced ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in eNOS content and protein expression level among the 6 groups ( F = 0.24, 0.17, P > 0.05). Conclusions:High concentration of T 4 can cause damage to the activity of HUVEC cells cultured in vitro, and PTU can alleviate it by regulating NO and TNOS. The specific mechanism of action still needs to be further studied in molecular biological experiments.
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Objective To observe the relationship between hyperthyroidism and vascular endothelial injury.Methods From 2016 to 2017,data of 60 patients with simple hyperthyroidism,autoimmune thyroid disease,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.And 60 healthy subjects were enrolled in the same period as a healthycontrol group.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the content of vascular endothelial injury markers (vWF),thrombomodulin (TM),endothelin-1 (ET-1),P-selectin in serum of all subjects,as well as the serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb),and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases levels.The correlation analysis of vascular endothelial injury in the simple hyperthyroidism group,autoimmune thyroid disease group,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases group and healthy control group was conducted.Results There were statistically significant differences between the he althy control group,the simple hyperthyroidism group,the autoimmune thyroid disease group and the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases group in the serum levels of vWF,TM,ET-1 and P-selectin,respectively (F =6.56,9.19,7.88,12.45,P ＜ 0.05),and the simple hyperthyroidism group,autoimmune thyroid disease group,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases group were significantly higher than the healthy control group (P ＜ 0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the vascular endothelial injury in the patients with simple hyperthyroidism,autoimmune thyroid disease,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases groups was statistically significantly different compared with the healthy control group,respectively (x2 =5.08,5.08,8.16,P ＜ 0.05);the risk of vascular endothelial injury in each diseased group was 2.37,2.37,and 3.07 times higher than that of the healthy control group,respectively.The abnormal rates of TSH,FT3,FT4,TgAb and TPOAb in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were 18.33％ (11/60),15.00％ (9/60),15.00％ (9/60),10.00％ (6/60) and 11.7％ (7/60),respectively.Conclusion Simple hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease are risk factors of vascular endothelial injury.
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Objective@#To observe the relationship between hyperthyroidism and vascular endothelial injury.@*Methods@#From 2016 to 2017, data of 60 patients with simple hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were collected from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. And 60 healthy subjects were enrolled in the same period as a healthycontrol group. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the content of vascular endothelial injury markers (vWF), thrombomodulin (TM), endothelin-1 (ET-1), P-selectin in serum of all subjects, as well as the serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases levels. The correlation analysis of vascular endothelial injury in the simple hyperthyroidism group, autoimmune thyroid disease group, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases group and healthy control group was conducted.@*Results@#There were statistically significant differences between the healthy control group, the simple hyperthyroidism group, the autoimmune thyroid disease group and the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases group in the serum levels of vWF, TM, ET-1 and P-selectin, respectively(F = 6.56, 9.19, 7.88, 12.45, P < 0.05), and the simple hyperthyroidism group, autoimmune thyroid disease group, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases group were significantly higher than the healthy control group (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the vascular endothelial injury in the patients with simple hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases groups was statistically significantly different compared with the healthy control group, respectively(χ2 = 5.08, 5.08, 8.16, P < 0.05); the risk of vascular endothelial injury in each diseased group was 2.37, 2.37, and 3.07 times higher than that of the healthy control group, respectively. The abnormal rates of TSH, FT3, FT4, TgAb and TPOAb in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were 18.33% (11/60), 15.00% (9/60), 15.00% (9/60), 10.00% (6/60) and 11.7% (7/60), respectively.@*Conclusion@#Simple hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease are risk factors of vascular endothelial injury.
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More than 90％ of the iodine intake by the human body is excreted in the urine. Therefore, the urinary iodine excretion is a good indicator for measuring recent iodine intake of the human body. During pregnancy, pregnant women are in a special physiological stage, the intake and discharge of iodine are significantly different from other stages and crowds. At present, the evaluation criteria for urinary iodine levels in pregnant women in China adopt the World Health Organization/United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund/International Committee for the Control of Iodine Deficiency (WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD) recommendation: the median urinary iodine range is 150 - 249 μg/L. However, this standard is scheduled in 2007, 12 years ago, and due to differences in race, geography, diet, etc., whether the international standards are applicable to China's actual situation deserves further study. This article reviews the current research status of the optimal range of urinary iodine in pregnant women in China, and provides reference for future iodine nutrition monitoring of pregnant women.